Bangkok: Shark Awareness Day, observed annually on July 14th, aims to shift public perception and promote efforts to protect sharks, crucial components of the world's marine ecosystems. Commonly viewed as menacing predators, sharks are in fact victims of numerous threats impacting their survival and the health of ocean ecosystems.
According to Thai News Agency, sharks serve as apex predators, maintaining the balance of marine life by controlling populations of fish and herbivores. This ecological role prevents overpopulation that could otherwise lead to the destruction of vital coral reefs and seagrass beds, essential habitats for juvenile marine species. Sharks also contribute to natural selection by preying on weaker animals, promoting healthier fish populations and reducing disease spread. Their presence supports the sequestration of carbon dioxide, helping mitigate global warming.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) reports that more than one-third of shark and ray species are at risk of extinction, primarily due to overfishing, the demand for shark fin soup, and bycatch in fishing gear. Sharks' slow growth and low reproduction rates exacerbate their vulnerability to these threats.
In Thailand, efforts led by the Department of Marine and Coastal Resources and the Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation focus on enhancing shark protection. Initiatives include the official protection of species like the whale shark and prohibitions on shark fishing in marine national parks, including the Similan and Phi Phi Islands. These measures have led to increased sightings of blacktip reef sharks in areas such as Maya Bay, demonstrating the potential for ecological recovery when appropriate protections are in place.