Bangkok: Shocking images of swollen, bulging eyes due to a condition called uveitis, characterized by thinning and puffiness of the sclera, are being shared widely on social media, raising concerns about eye health. This condition, which involves the thinning and bulging of the sclera, is causing alarm, particularly among certain at-risk groups.
According to Thai News Agency, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sakchai Wongkittirak, Chairman of Academic Affairs at the Royal College of Ophthalmologists of Thailand, explained that the sclera, a part of the human eye, is structurally similar to skin but with a more complex arrangement of collagen. When diseases or disorders damage this collagen, it leads to structural abnormalities and loss of strength. The weakened conjunctiva is then pushed forward by intraocular pressure, resulting in the bulging and swelling observed in the images.
The condition is uncommon in healthy individuals but is more frequently found in those with certain risk factors, including patients with autoimmune diseases such as Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). It is often observed in the later stages of these diseases, when the immune system attacks the collagen tissue around the eyes. Additionally, individuals with a history of eye surgery or severe eye injuries are also at higher risk.
Patients in at-risk groups should be vigilant for warning signs that require immediate attention from an ophthalmologist. Symptoms typically develop gradually and include eye pain, redness, sensitivity to light, and frequent tearing in the early stages. As the condition advances, vision may worsen gradually. A critical warning sign is noticing abnormalities in the white of the eye, such as thinning that exposes the inner layers, often appearing dark or grayish. Blurred vision combined with changes in the color of the whites of the eyes indicates a serious condition that necessitates immediate medical attention.
If left untreated, the thinning or bulging of the sclera can lead to severe complications, ranging from eye irritation and changes in vision to permanent vision loss or even the need for eye removal. However, early detection and treatment can significantly mitigate these risks. Treatment options include administering immunosuppressant drugs to prevent the immune system from attacking eye tissue and considering surgical reinforcement of the eyeball wall. Early intervention is crucial to prevent further complications and preserve vision.